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Increased use of carbon nanotubes in consumer and industrial products have scientists asking about
the implications of CNTs in our environment. Many end product applications include polymer
composites, drug delivery systems, coatings and films, military applications, electronics, cosmetics,
healthcare, among others.
CNTs are desirable for many applications because of their high surface area to weight ratio. They are
lightweight and highly elastic compared to carbon fibers, and deliver higher surface area for increased
chemical interaction in its specific application.
There are two types of CNTs, Single-walled CNT and Multi-walled CNT which are briefly described in
the following section.
Single-walled CNT
Most single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) have a diameter of close to 1 nanometer, with a tube length
that can be many millions of times longer. The structure of a SWNT can be conceptualized by
wrapping a one-atom-thick layer of graphite called graphene into a seamless cylinder. The way the
graphene sheet is wrapped is represented by a pair of indices. Single-walled nanotubes are an
important variety of carbon nanotube because they exhibit electric properties that are not shared by
the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) variants. The most basic building block of these
systems is the electric wire, and SWNTs can be excellent conductors. One useful application of
SWNTs is in the development of the first intramolecular field effect transistors (FET). Production of
the first intramolecular logic gate using SWNT FETs has recently become possible as well. Single-
walled nanotubes are still very expensive to produce, around $1500 per gram as of 2000.Several
suppliers offer as-produced arc discharge SWNTs for ~$50–100 per gram as of 2007 .
Chemical Engineering & Gas Processing